Loneliness is one of the biggest public health and social challenges of our time. It affects people of all ages and has a major impact on both mental and physical health.

Most research has focused on personal characteristics or broader social factors. However, much less is known about how the places where we live, work and spend our free time influence feelings of loneliness. Understanding these place-based factors is essential because they can be improved through urban planning and community action.

A lone figure standing at the edge of a still lake, surrounded by trees

Qualter et al., 2015

goals

What we're setting out to do

01

Study how neighbourhood characteristics and housing influence loneliness across different stages of life.

02

Listen to people's experiences through interviews and photo-based activities.

03

Test nature and community-based interventions like Forest Bathing, Urban Walk & Talk, against a control group.

04

Co-create ideas with citizens, local authorities, planners and community organisations to design more welcoming neighbourhoods.

05

Produce recommendations and a White Paper to support urban policies that promote healthier, greener and more socially connected cities.

method

Four lenses,
one question.

01

Quantitative

Over 10,000 people (EPIPorto, Generation XXI), residential histories matched against green space, walkability, 15-minute neighbourhoods, transport, Third Places, density, crime, housing, deprivation, and pollution.

02

Qualitative

Interviews, mental mapping, and photo-elicitation across four neighbourhoods with contrasting environments — how a place is lived isn't always how it's measured.

03

Experimental

A randomized trial of Forest Bathing and Urban Walk & Talk groups against a control, over three months — can place help undo what place helped cause?

04

Participatory

Workshops with citizens, planners, and public authorities, designing what a prosocial, anti-loneliness place could actually look like.

goals

What we're setting out to do

01

Estimate life-course links between the urban environment and loneliness.

02

Understand, in people's own words, how neighbourhood shapes the feeling of being alone.

03

Test place-based interventions — Forest Bathing, Urban Walk & Talk — against a control group.

04

Co-create prosocial, anti-loneliness spaces with the people who will use them.

05

Publish a white paper of urban planning solutions for healthier, more sociable cities.

Tree line above the still lake in the Porto Metropolitan Area

Complete the Woodland Compatibility Questionnaire

Fill out a short questionnaire about your comfort level in natural environments, preferred walking pace, and previous experience with outdoor mindfulness activities.

Attend a Leaf Orientation Session

Join a brief orientation where participants are introduced to the study procedures, safety guidelines, and a simple exercise identifying common tree leaves used during the session.